Urartians, who established a political organization spreading to the geography of Eastern Anatolia, South Caucasus and Northwest Iran in the 9th century BC, managed to survive for about 250 years. The writing first started with them. They built big cities, palaces, tower temples, open air temples, warehouse buildings, water canals, farmland, vineyards, gardens.

Along with the Urartu Period, the settlement types where thousands of large-scale people settled for the first time in the Van Lake Basin started to form. These cities, which consist of Sitadel and lower settlements, sometimes spread to large areas up to 80 hectares. In addition to these cities of Urartu, there are state centers, fortresses belonging to the local principalities, seasonal or periodical defense and settlement systems and village settlements.

Irrigation facilities of Urartians which are even used today are very successful and systematic architecture and engineering structures. The Minua (Shamram) Channel was built to bring water to the Van Plain, where the capital of the Urartian Kingdom was located from the Gürpınar Plain, 50 km south of Tuşpa / Van.

The most important group of buildings that we associate with the Urartian religion and hence its religious architecture are the square plan, tower type temples. These temples, which were found in the kingdoms and the provincial centers in Urartu geography and built with a standard plan understanding, are the most striking representatives of Urartu state religion.

The most striking examples of Urartian architecture and rock-making are the tombs of the rock tombs in the capital, Oludpa. The main rock and tomb complexes, consisting of main hall and side burial chambers, have been formed.

Urartian religion is polytheistic. The Meher Door inscription in the city center of Van contains the names of 79 Urartian gods and indicates the number of victims to be presented to them. The chief god Haldi is the national god of Urartu. Kings begin to speak in his names in stelas, rock monuments and building inscriptions.

The Urartian kings are at the command of God's commandment and power. From the inscriptions and descriptions, the three main associations can be defined in the Urartu army. The beginning of these are the chariots. The second important group is the cavalry. The infantry is the largest group in the army.

The weapons and work tools made of iron in Urartu and the embossed ceremonial weapons made of bronze, the nails with inscribed and decorated dresses, horse harnesses, furniture pieces and bowls made of bronze reflect a highly developed aesthetic understanding, technique and workmanship.

Urartian spherical body bronze boilers stand on a pedestal with three legs. It is understood that they are the unique containers used within the framework of the Urartian religious practices. Extensions such as siren and winged bull with carrying rings are noteworthy.

In this region, gold and silver ring-shaped, helical ring and earrings, sandal and crescent-shaped earrings, pendulum earrings, head stylized animal and plant-shaped dress needles and gold and silver medallions and pectorals are the most common products. It is characteristic of ornamentation made with granulation technique especially seen in precious metals.

Urartian wall paintings are composed of geometric, herbal and figurative, sequential / repetitive motifs created with red and dark blue colors on a white background. The symmetry is dominant in the paintings and they extend in the same planes on the walls forming the space.